An Investigation of Barriers to Antenatal Care Attendance Among Pregnant Women in Yobe State Hospitals
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Background of the Study
Antenatal care (ANC) is essential for ensuring the health of both mother and child during pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization (2023), regular antenatal visits help in monitoring the progress of pregnancy, identifying potential complications, and providing timely interventions that can reduce maternal and infant mortality. However, in many regions, especially rural and underserved areas, barriers to accessing ANC persist, limiting the effectiveness of these services (Adeleke & Okunola, 2023).
In Yobe State, located in the northeastern region of Nigeria, maternal and infant mortality rates remain high despite the availability of healthcare services. Several factors contribute to low ANC attendance in this region, including cultural beliefs, financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and a lack of awareness about the importance of ANC (Emechebe & Ibrahim, 2024). Additionally, women may face logistical challenges such as long distances to healthcare facilities and the need for support at home, which hinder regular visits to antenatal clinics (Zubair & Abubakar, 2023).
This study aims to investigate the various barriers that pregnant women face in attending ANC services in Yobe State, focusing on socio-economic, cultural, and healthcare-related factors. Identifying these barriers is crucial to developing effective interventions to improve ANC attendance and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Despite efforts to promote ANC services in Yobe State, many pregnant women still fail to attend regular antenatal checkups, increasing their risk of pregnancy-related complications and contributing to the state’s high maternal mortality rate (Bello & Kamar, 2023). These barriers have remained largely unexplored in the context of Yobe State, where cultural norms and poor access to healthcare services further exacerbate the problem. The lack of understanding of these barriers makes it challenging to implement targeted interventions aimed at improving ANC attendance.
Objectives of the Study
- To identify the socio-cultural, economic, and healthcare-related barriers to ANC attendance among pregnant women in Yobe State.
- To evaluate the impact of these barriers on maternal and infant health outcomes in Yobe State.
- To recommend strategies to overcome these barriers and improve ANC attendance rates in the state.
Research Questions
- What are the main socio-cultural, economic, and healthcare-related barriers preventing pregnant women from attending ANC in Yobe State?
- How do these barriers affect maternal and infant health outcomes in Yobe State?
- What strategies can be implemented to increase ANC attendance among pregnant women in Yobe State?
Research Hypotheses
- Socio-cultural factors, including traditional beliefs, significantly hinder ANC attendance among pregnant women in Yobe State.
- Economic factors such as transportation costs and lost income significantly contribute to low ANC attendance in Yobe State.
- Improving healthcare infrastructure and accessibility will increase ANC attendance and improve maternal and infant health outcomes.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on pregnant women attending healthcare facilities in Yobe State. Limitations include potential biases in self-reported data, as participants may underreport cultural or economic barriers due to societal stigma. The study's findings may not be generalized to other regions with different healthcare contexts.
Definitions of Terms
- Antenatal Care (ANC): Medical care provided to pregnant women to monitor the health of both the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
- Barriers to ANC: Any social, cultural, economic, or healthcare-related factor that hinders pregnant women from attending regular antenatal checkups.
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